Middle East Space Roundup: 12 to 18 February 2024
A summary of all the space news in the Greater Middle East over the past week, brought to you by AzurX
The following are the major space developments in the Greater Middle East region tracked by Middle East Space Monitor over the past week:
Iran Space Developments
Iran’s Chabahar Space Launch Centre and its Dual-Use Space Programme
Iran's space programme presents a multifaceted landscape, ostensibly driven by scientific pursuits but inherently intertwined with broader strategic and geopolitical ambitions. Leveraging its missile programme as a foundation, Iran's foray into space underscores its dual-use approach, evident in the integration of military satellites overseen by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). The Safir and Simorgh satellite launch vehicles (SLVs) serve as conduits for advancing satellite and rocket technologies, supported by partnerships with nations like North Korea, China, and Russia. Despite being under the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, the space agency's significant control by the Ministry of Defence underscores its strategic importance, exemplified by the ambitious Chabahar Space Centre project poised to be a regional space launch hub. This initiative, with its advantageous relatively close equatorial position and cutting-edge facilities, signals Iran's intent to overcome technological and geographical constraints, amplifying its space capabilities and regional influence. However, Iran's space endeavours face international scrutiny due to concerns over potential military applications and technological restrictions, highlighted by accusations of dual-use technology and sanctions. The programme's trajectory, marked by its ten-year plan and the Chabahar Space Centre, reflects Iran's determination to assert its space aspirations despite geopolitical challenges and global apprehensions.
Iran Claims it’s Ready to Launch Satellites for Foreign Countries Within Next Two Years
Iran’s Minister of Information and Communication Technology Issa Zarepour announced Iran's ambitious plan to commence launching foreign satellites from Iranian launch sites within the next two years, emphasising the country's progress in its space industry and its intent to utilise Iranian satellite launch vehicles (SLVs) for launching satellites belonging to other countries. Zarepour highlighted Iran's self-sufficiency in satellite Earth observation imaging and data analysis, focusing on enhancing satellite accuracy and deploying satellites weighing between 100 to 200 kilograms through Iranian SLVs. This announcement comes on the heels of Iran's successful deployment of the Sorayya satellite into a 750-kilometer orbit using the Qaem-100 SLV, a notable achievement showcasing Iran's growing prowess in aerospace technology and space exploration. General Ali Jafarabadi of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ (IRGC) Aerospace Force's Space Division affirmed the force's readiness to conduct multiple launches for the Iranian government and expressed willingness to launch satellites for neighbouring countries, pending government facilitation of necessary negotiations. These developments underscore Iran's burgeoning capabilities in space technology and its aspirations to expand its influence in the space industry regionally and globally.
Iran Raises Awareness of Israel’s Radio Frequency Geolocation for Terrorist Assassinations
Israel's utilisation of electronic warfare, in particular radio frequency (RF) geolocation for targeted assassinations through cellular and satellite phone tracking, has garnered attention due to recent comments by the leader of Hezbollah Hassan Nasrallah. Nasrallah cautioned against the use of cell phones and internet-connected surveillance cameras, alleging Israel's exploitation of such technologies for intelligence gathering and attacks. Israel's military defends cellphone data as crucial for assessing civilian presence amidst military actions, although critics argue it often leads to civilian casualties under the guise of targeting its enemies. Notable instances of targeted killings include two members of Hamas: Yahya Ayyash, assassinated in 1996 via a booby-trapped cell phone call, and Saleh al-Arouri, killed in a 2024 drone strike possibly facilitated by Wi-Fi-connected devices. Israel's military prowess faced a setback in 2023 when Hamas killed and captured Israeli citizens and soldiers despite Israeli electronic surveillance. This operation underscores the vulnerability of Israel's intelligence infrastructure and its failure to prevent such attacks, prompting Iran and groups such as Hamas and Hezbollah to develop countermeasures that "Israel-proof" communication networks to evade detection.
Iran Aims to Launch Satellites to Geostationary Orbit in Next Decade
Iran aims to elevate its space capabilities by sending domestically developed satellites into geostationary orbit (GEO) through indigenous launch vehicles within the next decade, according to Issa Zarepour, Iran's Minister of Communications and Information Technology. Zarepour highlighted the government's commitment to advancing the aerospace sector, citing successful satellite launches over the past two years and outlining plans to deploy light, semi-heavy, and heavy satellites into various orbits. He emphasised the development of a 10-year vision plan for the aerospace industry, focusing on achieving self-sufficiency in satellite deployment and enhancing Iran's presence in space. President Ebrahim Raisi echoed these sentiments, positioning Iran among the top 10 countries in aerospace technology, underscoring the country's resilience in the face of sanctions, and celebrating recent successes in launching research satellites. These achievements include the deployment of the Mahda research satellite and the Soraya satellite by domestically-produced launch vehicles, showcasing Iran's growing prowess in space exploration despite external challenges.
Türkiye’s Space Programme Gets Big Boost from Gezeravcı Mission
Türkiye’s Türksat to be Used for Command and Control of Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles
Türkiye's Transport and Infrastructure Minister Abulkadir Uraloğlu announced that Türkiye's national unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will soon be controlled using Türksat satellites, notably Türksat-5B, marking a significant shift towards enhanced control and security. Uraloğlu emphasised that with this integration, external intervention in UAV control would become impossible, ensuring their safety and operational integrity globally. He highlighted the evolving role of UAVs, expanding beyond military and surveillance applications into engineering, scientific, and civilian domains. The minister underscored the game-changing impact of satellite communication in UAV operations, ensuring secure and encrypted data transmission channels to mitigate unauthorised access or interference risks. Uraloğlu also emphasized the substantial increase in Türkiye's satellite data capacity following the deployment of Türksat-5B, positioning Türksat as a robust satellite infrastructure provider in the region. The integration of Türksat satellites not only enhances UAV capabilities but also facilitates efficient operational activities across various regions, including Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, through uninterrupted and reliable communication channels.
Türkiye’s First Astronaut, Alper Gezeravcı, Returns Home to a Hero’s Welcome
Turkish astronaut Alper Gezeravcı received a warm welcome upon his return to Ankara after completing Türkiye's inaugural human space mission, marking a significant milestone in the country's space endeavours. Gezeravcı's journey to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Axiom Mission 3 crew was celebrated nationwide, reflecting Türkiye's growing capabilities in space exploration and technological advancement. His successful mission, which involved conducting numerous scientific experiments and interactions with young students and officials, symbolised Türkiye's commitment to space science and its ambitions for future missions. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan hailed Gezeravcı's achievement as a testament to Türkiye's strength and assertiveness on the global stage, affirming the country's dedication to further space exploration endeavours. Gezeravcı expressed gratitude for the support received from Türkiye's leadership and institutions, emphasising the collective success and confidence boost gained from the mission. With Türkiye's ambitious 10-year space roadmap, including plans for lunar exploration and satellite technology development, Gezeravcı's journey marks the beginning of a new chapter in Türkiye's space endeavours, driven by national pride and determination.
Türkiye Plans Further Astronaut Missions, Spaceport, and Space launch Capabilities
Türkiye's Industry and Technology Minister, Mehmet Fatih Kacir, welcomed the return of the country's first astronaut, Alper Gezeravci, from his mission to the International Space Station (ISS), marking a significant milestone in Türkiye's space endeavours. Kacir highlighted the successful completion of 13 scientific experiments by Gezeravci under microgravity conditions, emphasising the mission's contributions to various disciplines such as biology, medicine, and physics. Türkiye aims to capitalise on this achievement by supporting further research, planning additional astronaut missions, and strengthening international cooperation in space exploration. Kacir outlined ambitious targets, including the development of space technology zones, the establishment of a spaceport, and Türkiye's independent access to space by 2030. Gezeravci, expressing gratitude for the support received, affirmed Türkiye's determination to assert its presence in space activities, underlining the country's strategic commitment to advancing its space capabilities. The successful completion of the Axiom-3 Mission, featuring over 30 scientific experiments and crewed by Gezeravci alongside international astronauts, signifies Türkiye's growing role in space exploration and its commitment to future space endeavours.
Türkiye’s Second Astronaut, Tuva Cihangir Atasever, Set for Virgin Galactic Flight in April 2024
Tuva Cihangir Atasever is set to become Türkiye’s second astronaut, following Alper Gezeravcı's successful return from the country’s inaugural space mission. Gezeravcı, a former fighter pilot and Turkish Airlines captain, completed a three-week mission aboard the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Axiom Mission 3 crew. Atasever, previously a backup mission specialist for Ax-3, is scheduled for a suborbital flight in April 2024 via Virgin Galactic's space plane. This space endeavour reflects Türkiye's national pride and technological advancements, particularly in space and military domains. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's interest underscores its significance. Türkiye's space aspirations, outlined in its 10-year space roadmap, include lunar missions, satellite system development, and spaceport establishment. Industry and Technology Minister Fatih Kacır affirmed Türkiye's commitment to space exploration, emphasizing domestic capabilities, international collaboration, and plans for R&D initiatives. These efforts aim to strengthen Türkiye's position in space and enhance its space economy participation, with ambitions for independent space access and lunar exploration.
Türkiye’s Alper Gezeravcı Joins Turkish Space Agency Board
Alper Gezeravcı, Türkiye’s first astronaut, assumes a new role on the Board of Directors of the Turkish Space Agency (TUA). Published in the Official Gazette on 13 February 2024, this announcement signifies a significant advancement in Türkiye's cosmic aspirations. Gezeravcı's appointment, alongside five other members, represents a consolidation of expertise and credibility within the agency. His journey from space exploration to boardroom decision-making reflects a profound commitment to advancing Turkey's presence in the space arena. The Presidential Decree not only introduces new leadership but also marks the departure of Afşın Burak Bostancı, signaling a transition in the agency's direction. As Gezeravcı assumes his new role, Türkiye's space community anticipates a transformative era, brimming with potential discoveries and technological innovations. His presence symbolises a reinvigorated dedication to space exploration, positioning Türkiye as a formidable player in the global space landscape. With Gezeravcı's leadership, the Turkish Space Agency embarks on a promising trajectory, propelled by the country's unwavering determination and visionary outlook.
Türkiye Participates in Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization Climate Change Earth Observation Study
The University of Turkish Aeronautical Association (THK), in collaboration with the Turkish Space Agency (TUA), has embarked on an ambitious international project aimed at studying the impact of aerosols, such as desert dust, on global climate change. Led by Project Director Uğur Murat Leloğlu, the initiative seeks to develop strategies to combat climate change by monitoring and analysing aerosols' influence on global warming. With a budget of $500,000, the project, managed by THK and coordinated by TUA and the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO), spans three years and involves the development of optical devices and algorithms for monitoring aerosols. Through advanced research and satellite Earth observation, the project aims to enhance understanding of aerosols' role in precipitation patterns, cloud formation, and weather forecasting accuracy, with potential applications across various fields, including optics, meteorology, and space technology. This collaborative effort underscores Türkiye's commitment to environmental sustainability and technological advancement in combating climate change.
Türkiye’s Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University to Create Research Centre in Support of Turkish Space Programme
Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University (AYBU) in Türkiye is gearing up to play a pivotal role in the country's National Space Programme by establishing a dedicated centre of excellence focused on space studies. This initiative comes on the heels of Türkiye's recent milestone achievement in space exploration, marked by Col. Alper Gezeravcı's historic journey to the International Space Station (ISS) as the first Turkish astronaut. Under the National Space Programme, AYBU aims to contribute significantly by establishing a National Aviation and Space Technologies Research and Application Center of Excellence at its Esenboğa Campus. This centre will conduct multidisciplinary studies, ranging from design to certification of air and space vehicles, and develop pioneering technologies. It will also focus on aerospace materials, components, and vehicles, along with avionics, electronics, system integration, space systems, and air traffic management. The center's functions will encompass research and development, training programmes, technology commercialisation, standardisation, and collaborative projects with national and international partners. AYBU's initiative aims to enhance Turkey's competitive standing in aviation and space industries, contribute to workforce development, and advance the country's space endeavours, building on recent achievements in the field. Academic experts from various disciplines will contribute to the centre's activities, ensuring a comprehensive approach to space research and technology development.
Space at UAE’s World Governments Summit
Space Policy Experts Discuss Space Regulatory Reform at UAE Summit
The growing interest and investment in the space sector have propelled numerous countries and private entities to venture into what was once the domain of a select few wealthy countries, according to space policy experts speaking at the World Governments Summit in Dubai, UAE. With ambitions spanning scientific discovery, medical advancements, and human exploration, space exploration is at a pivotal juncture. However, as human presence on the Moon and beyond becomes imminent, the need for comprehensive regulations and diplomatic arrangements intensifies. Stakeholders, including Dr. Sherif Sedky of the Egyptian Space Agency, emphasise the importance of transparency, dialogue, and cooperation to address governance challenges, ensuring equitable access and avoiding conflicts. Alongside diplomatic hurdles, private companies advocate for robust regulations to bolster investor confidence and spur innovation. With the global space sector witnessing a surge in private equity investments, regulatory clarity becomes paramount to facilitate long-term investments and drive innovation across the space value chain. Despite the vast potential for advancements in various fields, including biotechnology, the realisation of these opportunities hinges on the establishment of effective regulatory frameworks tailored to the evolving space landscape.
UAE’s MBRSC Displays Lunar Gateway Model at World Governments Summit
The Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) unveiled a model of the Gateway lunar space station at the World Governments Summit in Dubai, signaling a significant milestone in the UAE's space exploration endeavours. Salem Al Marri, Director General of the MBRSC, highlighted the historic significance of the project, particularly the development of the Emirates Airlock. The summit served as a platform for showcasing the UAE's latest and forthcoming space missions, alongside engaging sessions featuring astronauts Sultan Al Neyadi and Hazzaa Al Mansoori. Al Marri emphasised the summit's role in facilitating global collaboration and bolstering partnerships to advance the space sector's growth. The event's diverse forums, including discussions on artificial intelligence, the future of work, and sustainable development goals, underscore its significance as a hub for fostering innovation and dialogue on key global challenges.
UAE’s ATRC Starts $200 Million Fund to Support Space and Other Advanced Technology in Developing Countries
The UAE has initiated a $200 million fund through Abu Dhabi's Advanced Technology Research Council (ATRC) to support the advancement of sophisticated technology in developing countries, aiming to foster global access to cutting-edge solutions. Faisal Al Bannai, Secretary General of ATRC, highlighted the readiness of the council to collaborate with countries worldwide to address their challenges amidst the AI-driven era. The newly launched ATRC Global Tech R&D Platform serves as a conduit for countriess to leverage UAE's technological expertise in addressing their unique needs, bridging technology gaps, and empowering countriess to stay abreast of the latest advancements. The initiative, prioritising collaboration and inclusivity, supports sectors such as space, agriculture, healthcare, sustainability, and energy. ATRC's established R&D ecosystem, coupled with initiatives like ASPIRE and Technology Innovation Institute's open-sourcing of Falcon 40B, underscores UAE's commitment to global tech development, facilitating public and private sector entities with streamlined processes and community-driven support for technological innovation.
Earth Observation Satellites Key to Saudi Arabia’s Climate Change Fight
Saudi Arabia is strategically aiming to leverage Earth observation satellites to bolster environmental monitoring efforts, particularly in tracking the outcomes of its ambitious Green Initiative, which involves planting 10 billion trees to combat climate change and address weather-related challenges. Mishaal Ashemimry, an advisor to the Saudi Space Agency, highlighted the necessity of Earth observation satellites in providing crucial data for assessing the initiative's impact and aiding various environmental initiatives, such as coral reef conservation and solar panel positioning, at the World Governments Summit in Dubai, UAE. With the kingdom's Earth observation market poised for growth, driven by initiatives like Vision 2030, which emphasises economic diversification, Saudi Arabia is positioning itself as a key player in space technology. Additionally, the kingdom is mindful of the growing issue of space debris and is committed to responsible satellite deployment, signing agreements with companies like LeoLabs and NorthStar to manage space traffic and enhance space sustainability. This concerted effort aligns with global concerns regarding space debris accumulation, as experts warn of potential hazards to existing space assets and future space missions if effective solutions are not developed promptly.
UAE, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia Emphasise Regional Space Cooperation and Evolving Regulations
Panelists at the World Governments Summit in Dubai highlighted the Middle East's advancing role in the space industry, emphasising the importance of evolving space regulations and enhanced collaboration among Gulf countries. Salem Al Qubaisi, Director General of the UAE Space Agency, outlined the UAE's proactive approach to space law, with plans for more frequent reviews to ensure alignment with evolving industry needs. With significant strides in space exploration, including satellite launches, Mars missions, and lunar rover projects, the UAE aims to not only achieve space milestones but also foster economic growth and develop its national workforce. Emphasising the importance of local talent development, Butti stressed the need for Emiratis to be integral to space projects, promoting skills development and research within the UAE. Meanwhile, Bahrain is leveraging collaboration with the UAE to bolster its own space capabilities, showcasing successful regional cooperation in the space sector. Mohamed Al Aseeri, CEO of Bahrain’s National Space Science Agency, emphasised the benefits of collaboration, including knowledge exchange and access to space laboratories. Additionally, Saudi Arabia has signaled its commitment to space exploration, with recent missions to the International Space Station and significant investments in space programmes across the Gulf region, indicating a growing momentum towards space exploration and development in the Middle East.
UAE’s MBRSC Reveals 2024 Mission Plans
UAE’s MBRSC Seeks Lunar Lander Provider for Rashid-2 Lunar Rover
The UAE’s Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) is actively seeking a lunar landing vehicle for its Rashid 2 rover following the setback of its first Moon mission, where the rover's planned soft landing failed. Adnan Al Rais, an assistant director general at MBRSC, emphasised the importance of securing a reliable vehicle for safely delivering the rover to the lunar surface. Lessons learned from the failed mission have informed the centre's approach to the upcoming endeavour, with a focus on advancing technologies and conducting a thorough feasibility study to select a potential landing site. Despite the challenges, MBRSC remains committed to its lunar exploration goals. Through collaboration with local companies and leveraging private sector involvement, MBRSC aims to further strengthen its capabilities in space technology and exploration.
UAE’s MBRSC Unveils Completed MBZ-Sat, Scheduled for Launch Later in 2024
The UAE’s Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) has unveiled the fully assembled MBZ-Sat, a one-tonne Earth observation satellite, set to be launched on a SpaceX rocket in the latter half of the year. Named after UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the satellite represents the region's most powerful imaging satellite, equipped with advanced capabilities for monitoring environmental changes, water quality, and agricultural development. Salem Humaid Al Marri, Director General of the MBRSC, announced the satellite's upcoming launch and highlighted its significance in bolstering the UAE's space exploration efforts. MBZ-Sat, the UAE's fourth Earth observation satellite, boasts three times the power of its predecessor, KhalifaSat, with a sophisticated telescope and high-resolution camera. Al Marri emphasised the local manufacturing and design of MBZ-Sat, showcasing the country's commitment to advancing its space technology sector and fostering national talent, with over 150 UAE nationals contributing to the project's development.
Second UAE Astronaut Crew Batch Set to Graduate in March 2024
The UAE Astronaut Programme's second crew batch is set to graduate next month, a significant advancement in the country's space exploration endeavours. Chosen from a competitive pool of 4,305 applicants, Nora Al Matrooshi and Mohammad Al Mulla underwent intensive training at NASA's Johnson Space Center under a strategic agreement between the UAE and the United States. Salem Al Marri, Director General of the Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC), announced the upcoming graduation to be held on 5 March 2024, marking a historic achievement for the Emirates. The astronauts will engage in specific assignments and projects at both NASA and the MBRSC, including contributing to the Lunar Gateway project. The UAE's burgeoning space sector not only reflects its economic significance but also underscores its growing international recognition and contribution to humanity's collective space exploration efforts.
Other News
UAE’s Yahsat Becomes Founding Member of Mobile Satellite Services Association
Five leading satellite communications operators, including the UAE’s Yahsat along with Viasat, Terrestar Solutions, Ligado Networks, and Omnispace, have joined forces to establish the Mobile Satellite Services Association (MSSA), aimed at fostering a direct-to-device (D2D) ecosystem utilizing spectrum in the L- and S-bands designated for mobile satellite services (MSS). With a collective possession of over 100 MHz of L- and S-band spectrum, MSSA seeks to align with 3GPP standards to extend mobile coverage for both mobile network operators (MNOs) and over-the-top (OTT) internet services. The association plans to cultivate a comprehensive D2D ecosystem involving various stakeholders such as terrestrial mobile and satellite operators, OEMs, chip vendors, and infrastructure providers. This initiative differs from other satellite projects like Starlink and Lynk Global by utilising spectrum bands already allocated for MSS, presenting opportunities for immediate NB-IoT service offerings, integration with existing satellite networks, and seamless space/terrestrial integration for MNOs without sacrificing terrestrial spectrum. Mark Dankberg, chairman of MSSA and CEO of Viasat, emphasised the transformative potential of integrating satellite connectivity into consumer mobile devices, envisioning substantial improvements in speed, bandwidth, interoperability, and affordability while maintaining critical MSS aviation and maritime safety services.
French Media Reports that Morocco Signed Deal for Israeli Earth Observation Satellite in December 2023
Reports from French media outlet La Tribune indicated that Morocco had allegedly agreed with an Israeli company to develop its new high-resolution Earth observation satellite, purportedly to replace the Mohammed VI-A satellite, in December 2023. While the Moroccan government has neither confirmed nor denied these reports, speculation suggests that Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) may be involved in the satellite's manufacture. This move aligns with Morocco's strategic goal of upgrading its observation and reconnaissance satellite capabilities, previously fulfilled by satellites from the Airbus Defence and Space and Thales Alenia Space consortium in France. The replacement initiative underscores Morocco's commitment to enhancing its Royal Armed Forces' defence capabilities across air, ground, naval, and space domains. However, details regarding the project timeline and satellite costs remain undisclosed at this stage.
Algeria Looks to Further Develop its Space Programme and Satellite Capabilities
Algeria’s President Abdelmadjid Tebboune led a meeting to assess the Algerian Space Agency's current status, strategise its future trajectory, and align with the country's 2040 space vision. The decisions made in the meeting aim to equip the agency with state-of-the-art space assets, fostering advanced space technologies, nurturing indigenous space capabilities, and integrating personnel from specialised institutions. Emphasising strategic partnerships, President Tebboune highlighted the collaborative approach needed to bolster Algeria's position in the global space domain. The gathering, attended by key government officials and military leaders, including General Said Chengriha, outlined a comprehensive development plan to realise Algeria's ambitious space goals. President Tebboune underscored the collective nature of space exploration, stressing the importance of international cooperation to overcome challenges and maximise the country's space programme potential. Algeria's intensified focus on space initiatives comes amid regional developments, notably Morocco's recent satellite procurement from Israel, signaling the increasing competition and strategic significance in the regional space sector.
China’s Djibouti Spaceport Plans Making Progress
China's venture into Djibouti to establish a space launch base marks a significant stride in the country's strategy to deepen its presence in Africa and secure a foothold in the continent's burgeoning space market. The proposed spaceport, strategically located near Djibouti's north, aligns with China's ambition to tap into the growing African satellite industry, reducing the continent's reliance on other global players for space launch services. Spearheaded by influential Chinese figures and facilitated through private business entities, the project entails a substantial investment exceeding $1 billion and aims to construct multiple launch pads and associated infrastructure over a 10-square-kilometer area. This initiative underscores China's commitment to bolstering diplomatic and economic ties with Djibouti, leveraging the country's stable political environment, favourable geographical location, and existing friendly relations with China. The venture not only signifies China's expanding global influence but also its strategic manoeuvering to gain a competitive edge in the evolving landscape of space exploration and commerce.
Saudi Space Agency’s Inaugural Space Debris Conference Concludes
The Space Debris Conference concluded its final day with a focus on "Innovative Solutions," drawing over 470 experts and leaders from the global space sector to address the escalating challenges of space debris. Discussions centred on harnessing Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies to ensure the future growth of the space economy while safeguarding against debris threats. Key sessions highlighted advancements in space traffic management, emphasising the role of artificial intelligence in collision prediction and risk mitigation. The critical need for international collaboration in enhancing space situational awareness and tracking space objects was underscored, alongside calls for robust legislative frameworks and preventive measures. The conference, organised by the Saudi Space Agency in collaboration with UNOOSA and the Communications and Space Technology Commission, demonstrated Saudi Arabia's commitment to sustainability and innovation in space, culminating in partnerships with NorthStar and LeoLabs to bolster space situational awareness and monitoring capabilities. Through such initiatives, the Kingdom aims to foster global cooperation and advance scientific research for peaceful space exploration.
Armenia’s First Satellite - Hayasat-1 - In Good Operating Health
The successful recording and data analysis of signals from Armenia's first domestic satellite, Hayasat-1, mark a significant milestone for the country's space endeavours. Developed by Bazoomq Space Research Lab, the satellite's successful operations not only demonstrate technical proficiency but also serve as a valuable educational and research platform. Despite encountering expected challenges during the process, the Hayasat team remains enthusiastic, emphasising the importance of these endeavours for advancing scientific knowledge and fostering innovation within Armenia's space sector.
Israel Authorises Starlink SATCOM Use, Including for UAE Hospital in Gaza
Israel has granted permission for a UAE field hospital in the Gaza Strip to use Elon Musk's Starlink satellite internet service, according to Israeli Communications Minister Shlomo Karhi. Under the agreement between Starlink and the Israeli government, Israel must approve any use of the service in Gaza, ensuring it aligns with national security interests. Karhi emphasised that approval will be granted only to authorised entities supporting humanitarian causes with no risk to national security. Starlink's entry into Israel will also benefit certain local authorities and governmental bodies, enabling advanced satellite communication both in routine and emergency situations. The UAE Foreign Ministry spokesperson affirmed their collaboration with international and regional organisations to introduce Starlink at the field hospital in Rafah, highlighting the initiative's role in providing potentially life-saving medical consultations via real-time video calling. This development follows previous discussions and concerns regarding Gaza's access to Starlink, with Israel expressing caution over potential security risks associated with Hamas's utilisation of the service.
Egypt’s NExSat-1 Earth Observation Satellite Transmits First Image
Egypt's Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Dr. Ayman Ashour, heralded a significant achievement for Egypt's space technology with the reception of initial data from the experimental satellite NExSat-1, a collaboration with Germany's Berlin Space Technologies (BST). This milestone aligns with Egypt's strategic vision to bolster its national space capabilities and advance the space industry, underlining the country's commitment to technological advancement. The satellite, weighing approximately 67 kg, represents a significant leap forward in Egypt's space capabilities and is a result of a contractual agreement between the National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS) and BST. Dr. Ashour highlighted the successful reception of the inaugural image captured by NExSat-1, showcasing the city of Assyout, which was received at the Authority's X band reception station in Aswan. This accomplishment underscores Egypt's growing leadership in remote sensing and satellite technology, positioning the country as a key player in advancing space science and technology in Africa. Prof. Islam Abou El-Magd, President of NARSS, emphasised the success of the experiment, attributing it to the skilled human resources provided by NARSS and affirming its potential to catalyse economic and developmental benefits across the continent.
UAE’s Yahsat Reports Six Percent Revenue Growth in 2023 in Run-Up to Space42 Merger
Yahsat, the UAE-based satellite operator, reported a six percent increase in revenues for its 2023 trading year, driven primarily by growth in its Thuraya Telecom subsidiary. However, the overall operating profit experienced a 15 percent decline due to write-downs on the accelerated depreciation of its Al Yah 3 satellite, which suffered an anomaly shortening its expected orbital life. Despite this setback, Yahsat's fleet of five satellites continues to provide satellite communication solutions for land, maritime, and aerial platforms to consumers, governments, and enterprises globally. The company has initiated the construction of two new software-defined telecommunication satellites, Al Yah 4 and Al Yah 5, scheduled for launch in 2027 and 2028, respectively. Additionally, Yahsat is merging with Bayanat, aiming to enhance its focus on AI-powered space technology and expand its global reach. The merged entity, named Space42, will see Bayanat and Yahsat shareholders owning 54 percent and 46 percent, respectively, with significant backing from G42, Mubadala, and IHC. Karim Michel Sabbagh is slated to join as Managing Director of Space42 following the completion of the merger.
Other News in Brief
Among the other regional space and satellite developments over the past week are:
South Korea’s Hanwha Systems signed an MoU at the World Defense Show with Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Defence to collaborate across a range of technologies including satellite intelligence, reconnaissance, and surveillance (ISR);
A new law was signed into effect requiring that all of Azerbaijan’s space objects be officially registered;
Officials from Algeria, Djibouti, and Morocco are among eight from across the African continent appointed to the African Space Council of the African Union’s African Space Agency;
Algeria’s public broadcaster, Télédiffusion d’Algérie (TDA), has extended its partnership with Eutelsat Communications, with an increase in capacity on the EUTELSAT-7 West A satellite. This new multi-year agreement will consolidate TDA’s TV and radio channels at the 7/8° West orbital position.
Recommended Reading
Russia Loses Ground in North African Earth Observation Satellite Market
French online publication Intelligence Online reports that Russia is being squeezed out of the African Earth observation satellite business due to the previous failures of Russian-built satellites for Egypt and South Africa. Other factors include pressures on the Russian space industry due to underfunding and chronic corruption as well as the pressures and demands on Russian space capability due to the war against Ukraine. As a result, the Russian space industry is rapidly losing market share to China, especially in Egypt. China has now developed and launched at least three Earth observation satellites - such as Horus-1 and -2 - for Egypt that are, to date, still operating and fulfilling Cairo’s requirements. As recently as 2019 Egypt was cooperating with Russia on the EgyptSat-A Earth observation satellite but it is widely known that this system is barely operating due to technical difficulties. The only country that appears to still maintain its space relations with Russia is Algeria, and this appears to be largely for political rather than technological reasons. Even if the Ukraine war were to end soon, it would appear that the Russian space sector will have a herculean task in regaining access to the African and wider Middle Eastern satellite market.
Be sure to catch up with space activities in the region in the next edition of Middle East Space Monitor’s space roundup!